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This report is the main output of the activity funded by ELISE Data Ecosystems for Geospatial Data. This activity aimed to identify and analyse a set of successful data ecosystems and come up with a set of recommendations in support of the evolution of contemporary Spatial Data Infrastructures in line with the recently published European strategy for data.

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyse a set of successful data ecosystems and to address recommendations in support of the evolution of contemporary spatial data infrastructures that can act as a catalyst of data-driven innovation in line with the recently published European data strategy. The recommendations provided here cover insights into the approaches that can be undertaken to ensure the evolution of contemporary spatial data infrastructures into self-sustainable data ecosystems.

Five of the identified case studies and use cases were selected for in-depth analysis based on the "Data Ecosystems Analysis Framework", presented and validated during the INSPIRE Conference webinar in June 2020:

1. A local data ecosystem is illustrated by the case of Rennes Métropole and its Rennes Urban Data interface initiative. Rennes is implementing since 2016 a collaborative and partnership-based local data strategy, targeting an inclusive and sustainable governance model for the local ecosystem, adopting the quadruple helix model. Rennes is also experimenting with the concept of the City as a trusted third party, allowing citizens to take back control over their personal data.
2. The UP42 use case illustrates the Geospatial data marketplace. UP42 is a marketplace and developer platform providing access to both data and analytics from multiple sources. UP42 also offers a value distribution model that contributes to changing the way geospatial data is accessed and analysed.
3. Tracking technologies for the supply chain is illustrated by SPIRE. SPIRE builds and manages a constellation of nanosatellites, collecting and distributing earth observation data, Maritime data, Maritime data using AIS messages, Aviation data, using ADS-B data and weather data using Radio occultation
4. API-Agro illustrates smart agriculture. It is a B2B data exchange platform operated by Agdatahub and a company made up of 30 partners representing the agricultural sector, private companies and public bodies as Chambers of Agriculture, Technical agricultural institutes. It provides a functional, technical, commercial and legal framework for data exchange between the various stakeholders.
5. The disaster management ecosystem is illustrated through two case studies: The Brussels emergency services data-sharing platform and the Danish Common Data on Topography, Climate and Water project preparing the country for climate change scenarios. These two cases allow covering the emergency management phases from Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Recovery. This highlights the importance of considering the different time dimensions: Real-time and Historical, and Simulation.

Subsequently, interviews with data ecosystems experts were complemented with desk research to enrich the analysis and elaborate on the current document's recommendations. Recommendations were presented and discussed in an online stakeholder workshop on November 12th, 2020.

 The resulting recommendations are presented in four complementary categories related to

• the governance of the ecosystems,
•  the engagement of the relevant stakeholders,
•  the technical dimensions, and
•  the overall economic sustainability.

For each category, the main actors involved are emphasised. Furthermore, all recommendations highlight the main challenges to be overcome. As the challenges are not to be seen in isolation, other related recommendations are also indicated.

These recommendations have been compiled in a dedicated web page of the ELISE collection to facilitate its navigability and discovery. You can start browsing here.