There are several key policy documents and programmes that set the strategic and legislative foundation for advancing digital transformation and interoperability across the European Union. 

They guide national efforts and enable coordinated progress at EU level: 

• The Interoperable Europe Act (IEA), adopted in 2024, provides a binding legal framework to enhance cross-border interoperability and cooperation in the public sector.
• The European Interoperability Framework (EIF), adopted in 2017, sets out principles and recommendations to guide public administrations in delivering interoperable digital services (a revision is currently underway).
• The Digital Decade (DD) policy programme, launched from 2021 until 2030, defines the EU’s digital objectives for 2030 and establishes a governance framework to monitor and support national progress.
• The Digital Europe Programme (DEP), in place from 2021 to 2027, allocates funding to strengthen Europe’s digital capabilities, including in areas such as interoperability, cybersecurity, and artificial intelligence.

Take a closer look at each of the programmes, frameworks and regulations below: