Interoperable Europe logo

Intelligent Transport Systems - Cooperative, Connected and Automated Mobility (ITS-CCAM) and Electromobility (RP2025)

(A.) Policy and legislation

(A.1) Policy objectives

Intelligent transport systems apply ICT to the mobility sector. ITS services and applications help to significantly improve road safety, traffic efficiency and comfort, by helping transport users to take the right decisions and adapt to the traffic situation. They also help to increase the number of multimodality options and improve travel and traffic management. contributing to the EU’s single market, competitiveness and the Green Deal objectives.

(A.2) EC perspective and progress report

To take full advantage of the benefits that ICT-based systems and applications can bring to the mobility sector it is necessary to ensure interoperability and continuity of the services among the different systems throughout Europe. The existence of common European standards and technical specifications is paramount to ensure the interoperability of ITS services and applications and to accelerate their introduction and impact. International cooperation aiming at global harmonisation should be pursued.

(A.3) References

  • Regulation (EU) 2023/1804 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 September 2023 on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure.
  • Directive (EU) 2019/1161 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 amending Directive 2009/33/EC on the promotion of clean and energy-efficient road transport vehicles.
  • Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018-732 on a common methodology for alternative fuels unit price comparison in accordance with Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council.Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/1745 supplementing and amending Directive 2014/94/EU as regards recharging points for L-category motor vehicles, shore-electricity supply for inland waterway vessels.
  • COM(2018)283 final: On the road to automated mobility: An EU strategy for mobility of the future
  • COM (2016) 766 A European strategy on Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems, a milestone towards cooperative, connected and automated mobility.
  • Directive 2010/40/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the framework for the deployment of Intelligent Transport Systems in the field of road transport and for interfaces with other modes of transport
  • Directive (EU) 2023/2661 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 November 2023 amending Directive 2010/40/EU on the framework for the deployment of Intelligent Transport Systems in the field of road transport and for interfaces with other modes of transport.
  • Commission Implementing Decision of 12 November 2024 establishing a working programme for Directive 2010/40/EU for the period 2024-2028
  • COM(2019) 464 final Report to the European Parliament and the Council on the implementation of Directive 2010/40/EU.
  • Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 305/2013 supplementing Directive 2010/40/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the harmonised provision for an interoperable EU-wide eCall
  • Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2024/1084 of 6 February 2024 amending Delegated Regulation (EU) No 305/2013 supplementing Directive 2010/40/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the harmonised provision for an interoperable EU-wide eCall
  • Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 885/2013 supplementing ITS Directive 2010/40/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the provision of information services for safe and secure parking places for trucks and commercial vehicles
  • Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 886/2013 supplementing Directive 2010/40/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to data and procedures for the provision, where possible, of road safety-related minimum universal traffic information free of charge to users
  • Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/670 supplementing Directive 2010/40/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the provision of EU-wide real-time traffic information services
  • Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/1926 of 31 May 2017 supplementing Directive 2010/40/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the provision of EU-wide multimodal travel information services
  • Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2024/490 of 29 November 2023 amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/1926 supplementing Directive 2010/40/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the provision of EU-wide multimodal travel information services.
  • Directive (EU) 2019/1024 on open data and the re-use of public sector information
  • Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2023/138 of 21 December 2022 laying down a list of specific high-value datasets and the arrangements for their publication and re-use
  • Commission Decision 2008/8455/EC final on the conclusion of an Implementing Arrangement between the European Commission and the Department of Transportation of the United States of America in the field of research on Intelligent Transport Systems and Information and Communication Technologies applications to road transport
  • COM(2008)886 final: Commission Communication Action Plan for the deployment of intelligent transport systems in Europe
  • Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2020/1426 of 7 October 2020 on the harmonised use of radio spectrum in the 5 875-5 935 MHz frequency band for safety-related applications of intelligent transport systems (ITS) and repealing Decision 2008/671/EC (notified under document C(2020) 6773)
  • Recommendation C/2006/7125: Safe and efficient in-vehicle information and communication systems: update of the European statement of principles on human machine interface (EsoP).
  • COM(2016)787 final: Reporting on the monitoring and assessment of advanced vehicle safety features, their cost effectiveness and feasibility for the review of the regulations on general vehicle safety and on the protection of pedestrians and other vulnerable road users
  • RSCOM17-26 rev.3 : Standardisation Request to CEPT to study the extension of the Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) safety-related band at 5.9 GHz
  • Standardisation request M/581 – Commission Implementing Decision of 24/032022 on a standardisation request to the European standardisation organisations as regards communication exchange, electricity and hydrogen supply for road, maritime transport and inland navigation.
  • Directive (EU) 2018/1972 establishing the European Electronic Communications Code (Recast)Text with EEA relevance – the code regulates General Authorisations and gives guidance on the concept of ‘technology neutrality’ and how to implement it
  • COM (2016) 588 5G for Europe: An Action Plan – the action plan sets out how 5G is to be deployed along Europe’s roads and co-exists with existing technologies and according SWD (2016) 306 the interoperability of electronic road toll systems and facilitating cross-border exchange of information on the failure to pay road fees in the Union – this directive sets the 5.8 GHz microwave technologies as road tolling technology and  sets CEN DSRC as tolling standard
  • Regulation (EU) No165/2014 on tachographs in road transport – obliges truck manufacturers to integrate remote enforcement interfaces in to trucks in the EU Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/799 making a CEN DSRC interface mandatory for smart tachographs in new vehicles from March 2022 onwards.
  • Directive (EU) 2015/719 laying down maximum authorised dimensions and the maximum authorised weights makes CEN DSRC the remote enforcement interface for trucks in Europe and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1213 elaborates further on the technical implementation of on-board weighing equipment stipulating the use of CEN DSRC as enforcement interface and the use of C-ITS for the truck-trailer communication
  •  

(B.) Requested actions and progress in standardisation

(B.1) General actions

Action 1.1: Work to organise and lay down governance principles to enable the development of a coherent set of domain ontologies (to enable re-use and extension, instead of replication, or even worse: different models) for datasets within scope of the delegated regulation and directly adjoining ones based on the linked data principles.

Action 1.2: Building on the work of the DATEX II PSA and the ongoing work within NAPCORE, undertake actions to revise DATEX II standards to support a wider range and approaches to publishing data.

Action 1.3: Building on the work of the DATA4PT CEF Programme Support Action, NAPCORE project and foreseen work of CoRoM undertake actions to revise Transmodel-based standards (NeTEx, SIRI, OJP, OpRa) to support a wider range and approaches to publishing multimodal data.

B.2 Cooperative, Connected and Automated Mobility (CCAM)

ITS to support the development of cooperative, connected and automated mobility. ITS services in general, and C-ITS (cooperative ITS) services in particular, along with the introduction of driving automation functionalities in vehicles are generally seen as converging paths: vehicles being connected to the mobility ecosystem in their immediate vicinity (other vehicles, infrastructure) and to the wider mobility ecosystem (central traffic management systems, other modes of transport, etc.), and to the internet.

As stated in the GEAR 2030 report1, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) connectivity should act as an additional enabler for the operation of highly and fully automated vehicles that will hit EU roads by 2030. Connectivity and cooperation can add collective intelligence and action to automation, thus improving the overall efficiency of transport flows, including in an intermodal perspective. For some functionalities and operations, it will even be essential.

Standards need to adhere to EU legislation and to maintain existing radio services in adjacent spectrum bands, e.g. electronic road charging, the smart tachograph and weights and dimensions enforcement.

Action 2.1: To complete the minimum set of standards required for the interoperable deployment of CCAM services based on V2X communication, connecting all road users and infrastructure, including vulnerable road users (VRU), and ensuring the overarching principles set out in the ITS Directive, in particular by:

  • achieving the Release 2 of ETSI TC ITS (TR 101 607) and CEN & CENELEC C-ITS standards;
  • maintaining the Release 1 of the ETSI TC ITS and CEN & CENELEC C-ITS standards taking into account the feedback from pilots and early deployments:
  • building on IEEE 802.11bd-2022 which is final and provides for Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications Amendment 5: Enhancements for Next Generation V2X

Action 2.2: Plugtest activities for conformity and interoperability testing, including guidelines with methods for assessing the conformity of the identified minimum set of standards.

Action 3: SDOs are invited to develop and perform an in-depth scrutiny of CCAM services from the standardisation standpoint, taking into account existing architectures, current standards and technical specifications. The analysis should identify missing complementary standards and identify possibly conflicting standards with the overarching objective of delivering full application and service interoperability. The analysis should be based on currently implemented technologies (notably those recognised by the 17 Member States and other countries within the C-Roads platform, and subject to automotive deployment in line with COM (2016) 766) while also considering newly emerging technologies (in line with the 5G Action Plan) and build upon the principles and results of the RSCOM Mandate to CEPT (RSCOM17-26 rev.3) with the aim at achieving interoperability between various services.

Such a study has been undertaken by CEN TC278/WG17 jointly with ISO TC204/WG19. The result was published April 2022 is documented here: https://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink/Open/22166135

A further study in the CCAM community should be done to verify these findings, and prioritize actionable recommendations.

Action 4: SDOs should continue to support the implementation of a pan-European usable trust policy and processes to support multi-stakeholder business cases. In particular SDO should address misbehaviour detection and revocation of trust for C-ITS stations

Action 5: SDOs should continue international cooperation in the field of ITS and CCAM standardisation. See also Harmonization Task Group efforts in annex (C.1) Related standardisation activities.

 

OPEN IN-VEHICLE PLATFORM ARCHITECTURE AND HMI

The development, operation and user acceptance of vehicle-based intelligent transport systems and services will benefit from an agreed open in-vehicle platform architecture enabling a ‘single platform —multiple services’ approach and ensuring interoperability/interconnection with legacy in-vehicle communication networks (e.g. CAN-bus) and (generic) infrastructure systems and facilities.

The issue so far has been addressed in a fragmented way, providing building blocks (e.g. the research projects CVIS, GST, OVERSEE, the eSafety working group on SOA and the recommendations of the EeIP Task Force OPEN, and the ITS study) but an overall logical and cost-effective synthesis seems to be lacking. C-ITS standards should also be taken into account. A study launched under the ITS Action plan (action 4.1) focused on synergies among legal provisions and obligations for heavy goods vehicles (HGV).

Currently, significant efforts are to be made on the messages and information within different platforms and how it will be displayed in the vehicle.

Working group 6 (“Access to in-vehicle data and resources”) of the C-ITS Platform identified 3 possible technical solutions (on-board application platform, in-vehicle interface, data server platform) for accessing and sharing in-vehicle data. The following related standardisation needs have been identified:

Action 6: SDOs to continue developing standards for an advanced physical/electrical/logical interface including the necessary minimum level of security (i.e. integrity, authentication and availability) and the minimum data sets and standardised data protocols which enable ITS services, taking also into account the existing ISO standards including ISO 21177, ISO 21184, and ISO 21185 for access to in-vehicle data, and, if appropriate, ISO 20077-1:2016. This would include aspects on information via HMI or any other device regarding traffic related safety information.

ISO 21177:2023 is a new standard from ISO TC204 ITS that leverages C-ITS cybersecurity by applying the ITS certificates (ETSI and IEEE p1609.2) and the related support infrastructure (PKI). This standard applies the service specific permissions to regulate access rights over Internet and can be directly used for vehicle data access control. A full European profile can be based on the CEN-ISO suite of 21184, 21185 and 21185 together with ISO 21177.

 

ELECTRIC VEHICLES (EVS) AND THEIR CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE

Following the development of the electric vehicle market, new standardisation elements must be developed to underpin the deployment of charging infrastructure, particularly to facilitate the communication aspects between the charging infrastructure and EVs. The charging infrastructure must be fully integrated into the electricity system, allowing for new features such as ‘Plug & Charge’ or smart charging and bidirectional V2G services within a smart electricity system. The new standardisation elements identified must ensure that all actors, including e-mobility service providers (EMSPs) and e-roaming platforms have access to a fair market, based on sound interoperability requirements.

To support the development of standards for alternative fuels, DG MOVE has also adopted in 2022 a new standardisation mandate (M/581 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION C(2022)1710 of 24.3.2022) which includes the development of European standards considering the following communication domains:

  • In the EV Charging ecosystem:
    • EV-CP
    • CP-CPO
    • back-end (management system)
    • CPO-e-Roaming platform-EMSP

On that baisis, further action is needed to fill in the standardisation gap regarding the future EU Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) ecosystem for e-mobility. In particular, a standard is needed to cover the EU PKI technical requirements for a Certificate Trust List (CTL) working in combination with the standard ISO 15118 on vehicle-to-grid communication. This standard is key to ensure the interoperable and secure development of the e-mobility market, including the implementation of plug & charge solutions for automatic identificaiton and authorization of charging processes.

Action 7: Adaptation of “ETSI TS 102 941” to create a new standard defining the relevant technical specifications for the EU Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) for e-mobility based on a Certificate Trust List (CTL). The new standard shall be developed considering a full integration with ISO 15118, which is the main standard for communication (i.e., exchange of digital certificates) between electric vehicles and the charging infrastructure.

Action 8: Update of DATEX II Energy infrastructure data model to include new data types on electric recharging and hydrogen refuelling infrastructure. Need to consider the recommendations from the Sustainable Transport Forum (STF) expert group.

 

DIGITAL MAPS & LOCATION FEATURES:

It may be relevant to many services and applications to make use of a high precision location reference beyond current global navigation satellite systems aiming at enabling more effective and advanced services. To achieve this, all functional and technical methods need to be used (e.g. crowd sourcing, high precision objects and radio communications).

Action 9: SDOs to standardise data and communication aspects to ensure interoperable implementation and data sharing system for increased location referencing quality. Part of this task is available from CEN TC278/WG17 in the CEN/TS 17297 series on Location Referencing Harmonisation for Urban-ITS. Part 1: Transformation methods and Part 2: State of the art and guidelines. Further parts are needed to adapt these existing methods towards the new generation of digital map representations.

Digital maps:

Action 10: SDOs to develop standards / specifications to steer and manage the exchange of accurate (public) road data in navigation-oriented maps, and of the timely integration of such updates in ITS digital maps for navigation and more advanced in-vehicle applications, including ITS applications for CCAM services and automated driving support, and for non-vehicle ITS applications. As far as possible, it will be significant to address the largest alignment with the technical framework for infrastructure for spatial information in the European community (INSPIRE).

Acknowledging that much of the standardisation work that is on-going is undertaken within ISO committees, but result in European Standards, the SDOs need to work closely with industry partners from the digital maps navigation sector plus representative highway authorities to develop a baseline standard for the coding of road network data for publication from highway authorities. This standard will be an evolution of the GDF EN ISO 20524 standards family. This is intended to link to, but not define, commercially delivered map-based services to support, amongst other services, on-road navigation. This evolution shall be cognisant of the technical framework for infrastructure for spatial information in the European community (INSPIRE). It also needs to be consistent with the needs implies by the application of Directive (EU) 2019/1024 on open data and its implementing regulation which lists among the high-value datasets the mobility theme as defined in Annex I to Directive 207/2/EC.

Digital local dynamic maps:

Action 11: SDOs to extend the local dynamic map standards to integrate mechanisms supporting the use of high precision positioning, related objects and other collected data, in particular for some relevant safety related applications. This may require additional specific object definition standardisation.

 

(URBAN) ITS - MULTIMODAL SERVICES

Following the conclusion of the Standardisation request on urban ITS M/546, a pre-study on Urban ITS was carried out by CEN/TC 2782 to identify further standardisation needs. The report can be downloaded from: https://www.cen.eu/news/brochures/brochures/Urban_Intelligent_Transport_CEN-TC-278.pdf . It identified several actions, which were used as input to the EC Standardisation request M546:

Action 12: As possible further activities in relation to standardisation work on Urban ITS, the Commission will also discuss the following aspects with the ESOs and stakeholders:

The requested European standards and European standard deliverables should reuse, harmonise or interface as far as possible with existing standards, specifications (incl. priority actions A and B within the ITS Directive) and projects (CIVITAS, POSSE and smart cities projects etc.). In the domain of public transport, and particularly with respect to multimodal information and smart ticketing, the need for consistency will affect a broad set of standards and technical specifications, namely:

  • Transmodel the European Public Transport Reference Data Model (EN 12896);
  • SIRI (System Interface for Real-time Information EN 15531 1-4 & CEN TS 15531-5), largely based on Transmodel: defines standard exchanges of real- time public transport information and being extended to include new mobility services (sharing, pooling, rental and taxis);
  • NeTEx (Network and Timetable Exchange, CEN TS 16614 1-6), based on Transmodel parts 1,2,3 and 5: defines a physical data model and standard exchanges of planned public transport information and being extended to include new mobility services (sharing, pooling, rental and taxis);
  • OJP (Open Journey Planner, CEN TS 17118) defines an open API for distributed journey planning allowing systems to exchange information in order to provide cross-border or intermodal journey planning, or new and innovative information services.
  • Standards supporting the emerging interoperable fare management (IFM) systems: Public Transport interoperability (IOPTA) standard ISO EN 15320 defines the functional system architecture and the application scenarios; the EN 1545 standard describes the data elements and the ISO EN 24014-1 standard, currently under revision, defines a reference functional architecture for IFMSs and establishes the requirements that are relevant for ensuring interoperability between several actors in the context of the use of electronic tickets.
  • OpRa (Operating Raw data and statistics exchange): supports the identification of Public Transport raw data to be exchanged, gathered and stored in order to support the study and control phase of Public Transport Service and to enable Quality of Service evaluation. The work is compliant with Transmodel.

Necessary actions, in particular to fully satisfy the requirements of the Delegated Regulation EU 2017/1926 (priority action A): Public Transport:

Action 12 a: continue defining data exchange formats and publication services related to OpRa in compliance with Transmodel and NeTEx.

Action 12 b: continue developing NeTEx and SIRI European minimum profiles in order to support the requirements of the priority action A alongside an EU fare profile.

Action 12 c: continue developing data models for alternative fuels infrastructure, including the emerging needs concerning the communication of recharging stations with the grid. Concretely, new data models should cover the exchange of information regarding price, demand response, load control, metering and capacity forecast The work shall be in coherence with existing standards, Transmodel/ NeTEx/SIRI/ DATEX II – CEN/prTS 16157-10 and -12

Link Road Transport / Public transport

Action 12 d: to develop European standards for the entire pedestrian network (with accessibility features), for the cycling network (including attributes such as surface quality and side-by-side cycling), for cycle counting data (e.g. location of counters, infrastructure type, modes counted, direction, and number of passages), for cyclist behaviour data (e.g. immediate turn choices, route choices, travel speed, and waiting times), and for cycle parking, ensuring alignment with relevant frameworks for data exchange and transport modelling. The work shall take into account the existing results of INSPIRE. It shall also consider the achievements of the GDF standard and possibility of Open Street Map and shall be linked to Transmodel/NeTEx (in particular to trip/route representation) and Datex II (in particular for parking).

Action 12 e: to develop clear interoperability between key data modelling concepts for the parking domain, bringing alignment between existing standards (Transmodel/NeTEx, DATEX II and ISO/prTS 5206-1).

Action 12 f: to develop the data model/data exchange format of the overall typology of Points of Interest to support the requirements of priority Action A.

Action 12 g: to develop clear interoperability between Transmodel/NeTEx service network and the INSPIRE infrastructure network in order to respond properly to the provisions of priority Action A.

Action 12 h: continue developing a glossary of terms with their definitions in the context of ITS, based as far as possible on the Public Transport Reference Data Model (Transmodel)

Action 12 i: Development of European standards for application programming interfaces (APIs) for the distribution of transport tickets, barcodes to enable interoperable ticketing.

Action 12j: On the basis of the work done within NAPCORE and depending on further consultations between the Commission and Member State experts, to develop standards for unique EU identifiers (IDs) for multimodal access nodes (for scheduled modes and transport on demand where relevant).

Action 13: SDOs, to consider, in cooperation with the Commission and relevant stakeholders, possible further actions addressing the following aspects of Mobility Integration:

  • To provide European Interoperable Standards for the content and applicability of traffic regulations and to provide standardised means to exchange Traffic Regulations robustly and securely between interested parties. The standards to be based on the ISO 24315 METR series. It is also necessary to provide mechanisms to support verification of content for Electronic Traffic Regulations and management/governance policies for METR.
  • To provide standards to manage operations and enforcement in controlled traffic zones (UVAR).
  • Continue work on standards to manage services that impact or part of urban transport, e.g. management of road gritters, road maintenance operations, buses, waste collection, social service visits, etc. ITS technologies can be used to assist administrations to manage such services. This work has progressed to a large extent with SIRI-SX (Part 5). Any further work in that direction should be consistent and properly aligned with the existing SIRI work.

Action 14: SDOs to develop standards supporting the emerging IFM, taking into account the findings from the smart ticketing alliance and standard ISO TS 24192 (standard for communication between contactless readers and fare media with a focus on interoperability). This should include the development of:

  • technical specifications and test procedures for the quality assurance of the interoperable fare medium;
  • technical specifications and standards for profiles of information exchange between the operational entities in IFM; and
  • a technical report for a security architecture framework.

Action 14a: Develop a sales and reservation API using Transmodel data structures for sales and booking of simple (mono-modal) and combined (multi-modal) trip options, aligning as far as possible with the OSDM API.

 

DATA EXCHANGE AND REUSE

Action 15: Further development of the DATEX II standard taking into account input from road operators. The Programme Support Action (PSA) for Intelligent Transport Services for Road (ITS) in the framework of the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) focused on the maintenance and further development of DATEX II for the provision of interoperable intelligent transport systems and services for road transport, in compliance with European specifications developed under the ITS Directive. Additional developments include the Systematic Reviews and revisions of Parts 8 and 9 of CEN 16157, adaptation and extensions to support additional datasets and provisioning of support for Linked (open) Data. Due to the fact that DATEX II data are shared across service domain, developments should include realising interoperability at the data level in the DATEX II standards through the use of ASN.1 specifications for all data objects, thereby ensuring interoperability among services making use of such data and the various ASN.1 encoding schemes.

Action 15a: Revision of the DATEX II foundational methodology standard (EN 16157-1) to better support multiple ICT technologies and to enable use of modern ICT developments.

Action 15b: Revision of the DATEX II standards (CEN 16157 series) for representing traffic situation information, to enhance, streamline, and rationalise across multiple overlapping viewpoints including traffic situation publications, digital traffic regulations, VMS publications, traffic management plan publications, and dynamic lane control, and to take advantage of modern ICT developments.

Action 15c: Revisions of the DATEX II common building block standards EN 16157-2 and EN 16157-7 to enhance, streamline, and take advantage of modern ICT developments

Action 15d: Revision of the DATEX II standard EN 16157-5 for representing traffic data, to enhance, streamline, and take advantage of modern ICT developments.

Action 15e: Revision of the DATEX II-based specification CEN TS 17241 for device status and faults, to better support device management data interchanges and improve interoperability with and reuse of the CEN 16157 series.

Action 15f: Expansion of the DATEX II set of specifications to specify a mapping from DATEX II data models to JSON Schemas, to allow standardised JSON-based exchanges as desired by a significant user community.

Action 15g: Merging of the TN-ITS (CEN TS 17268) and DATEX II specifications (primarily CEN TS 16157-11 on traffic regulations, but also foundational specifications) so that a data publisher does not need to consider implementing two different overlapping specifications for one use case.

Action 15h: Extensive rewriting of the DATEX II specification CEN TS 16157-9 for data publications from traffic signal systems, to support new use cases and to remove usability problems and limitations of the existing specification.

Action 15i: Expansion of the treatment of cyber-security in the exchange standards used with CEN DATEX II 16157 series (ISO TS 19468 and ISO 14827).

Action 15j: Revision of relevant DATEX II data standards to improve coverage of the cycling mode – this will improve the CEN 16157 series parts 2, 10, 11 and 12.

Action 15k: Development of a standard to extend the DATEX II Variable Message Signs (VMS) publication (EN 16157-4) to better enable translations from DATEX II publications to C-ITS messages, by including zones and traces for VMS including virtual VMS.

Action 16: European standardisation deliverables on reference data models, common data dictionaries and metadata structure across the three domains and specific European standards:

  • Multimodal information services: new mobility services, alternative fuels infrastructure;
  • Traffic management: static/dynamic road data, traffic and traffic control data, weather data and traffic prioritisation and access regulations; and
  • Urban logistics: intelligent parking for light vehicles/commercial vehicles/trucks and loading bays information and reservation services for special freight vehicles and logistic sectors

Action 17: Another issue is related to on board weighing systems for trucks, where different providers may equip the tractor and the trailers that it will tow. ETSI will deliver an interface standard and related security standards to ensure that the on board weighing computer in the tractor will be able to receive the weights per axle of any trailer, store them, secure them, and then calculate the total weight of the vehicle. The work will be based on cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITS).

Action 18: SDOs to consider standardisation activities in support of EU-wide data privacy policies (e.g. GDPR) in the area of ITS and CCAM, in compliance with European regulation and recommendations.

Action 19: Building on the collaboration between the DATEX PSA and the Alliance for Parking Data Standards, and the continued collaboration within the scope of NAPCORE, finalise the revision of the DATEX II on parking data publication standard (CEN/TS 16157-6) and ensure the necessary harmonisation with Transmodel/NeTEx.

Action 20: SDOs should continue to specify global common standards for the exchange of traffic management and road-related data, noting the collaboration between NAPCORE, CEN/TC278/WG8 and ISO/TC204/WG9. This includes developments to support API specification.

Action 21: Provisioning of messaging structures and content complementary to the DATEX II standard (CEN 16157 series) to provide information about energy related infrastructure together with dynamic information on its availability (for example of electric charging station slots) is essential for vehicle drivers to determine their optimal routes and stops. This work will also take into account new forms of vehicles

Action 22: Further refine specifications for the electronic definition of traffic regulations (potentially revising CEN TS 16157-11 and collaborating in METR CEN/ISO developments). This work will need to be based on the outputs and recommendations of the NAPCORE project activities, in particular regarding possible overlap with TN-ITS (CEN/TS 17268) and the METR standards ISO 24315 series:

  • Improve specifications for traffic technology device status and fault management (potentially replacing CEN TS 17241 with a more standardised part of the CEN 16157 series)
  • Improve specifications for electronic definition and realisation of traffic management plans, strategies, measures and actions (potentially revising CEN TS 16157-8 and 16157-9)
  • Improve traffic data exchange base standards to take into account evolving ICT trends, technologies and preferences, to keep them fit for purpose in the current decade (potentially revising EN 16157-1 and other dependent parts, and potentially creating new protocol and encoding specifications).

Based on the outputs and recommendations of the NAPCORE project activities, concerning further actions to harmonise parking data standards with possible revisions to CEN TS 16157-6 and ISO TS 5206-1, in alignment with parking data specifications from public transport standards in the TransModel, Siri and NeTEx CEN families.

 

PUBLIC-ARE MOBILE ROBOTS (PMR)

All of our cars are already slowly becoming ‘connected vehicles’. But, of all the automated vehicle scenarios that our cities are most likely to face in the foreseeable future, the one that is likely to come soonest and to have the most unanticipated impacts, is the introduction of small robotic vehicles on the sidewalk.
Delivery robots are essentially containers on wheels that can ply sidewalks, intersections and roads over modest distances — without a human attendant — to carry food, packages, and documents. These PMRs will not just engage in package and food delivery, but also provide servant vehicles for pathway sweeping, snow removal, surveillance, equipment servicing, measurement, monitoring, repositioning dockless scooters to where they can be re-charged, shopping assistants, automated wheelchairs and potentially many other tasks.
Dozens of companies are already building and piloting small, electric sidewalk delivery robots with the goal of reducing the costs of delivering packages, parcels and food and parcels over their last mile. The reasons for this are quite easy to explain. The rapid developments in ICT and AI have enabled the ‘dream’ of automated servant vehicles to be realisable in respect of their mechanical instantiation, At the same time, cities are interested in reducing congestion and emissions from the use of trucks, vans, and other motor vehicles for deliveries — which have more than tripled in the past decade.
While the focus of attention of research, standardisation and regulation in respect of automated mobility has been directed towards connected and automated cars and LGVs, those vehicles will operate in a well organised domain encompassed by a century of regulations, and well established procedures and road management practices. There are no such established procedures and management practices for automated mobility devices on public pathways, bicycle lanes and other locations where interaction with vulnerable road users may occur.

Action 23: SDOs and research organisations, in cooperation with the Commission and relevant stakeholders, to develop deliverables addressing the following aspects:
Standards are needed to define the PMR paradigm, standardise the data that will need to be exchanged and its presentation, safety and reliability, journey data recorders, communications and cybersecurity, privacy, loading and unloading at the kerb, infrastructure support requirements, weather worthiness, mapping procedures, post-crash procedures, personal support and assistance, conformance requirements, etc. 
Further research is needed into the societal consequences of automated mobility devices on public pathways and their interactions with people, in particular vulnerable road users or (e-)scooters, and other automated mobility devices.

Work has recently started in ISO TC204/WG19 under the ISO $448 series, and close cooperation from Europe is urgently needed to adapt to European urban needs.

 

SECURITY in the context of C-ITS

Action 24: SDOs to investigate security aspects of cooperative, connected and Automated Mobility (CCAM) and intelligent transportation systems. SDOs are invited to analyse the evolution of C-ITS ‘Day1’ standards from a security angle to support automated vehicles design and deployment. In particular, SDOs are invited to expand standards based on the already defined C-ITS security mechanisms to achieve appropriate levels of authenticity and integrity of messages being exchanged between fixed and mobile C-ITS stations for higher levels of automation use cases. Standards shall provide suitable mechanisms to support C-ITS services going beyond information services, building upon the C-ITS certificate & security policy published on the European C-ITS Point of Contact4 for the implementation of the EU C-ITS security credential management system according to COM (2016) 766 and COM(2018)283.

This work has started in ISO, CEN and ETSI. This is partly based on a request from the EC C-ITS Security WG updating the C-ITS Security Policy with a European profile for ISO 21177. There may be a need to extend this work to other ITS services and applications such as METR and other data publications needing regulative certainty.

 

(C.) Activities and additional information

(C.1) Related standardisation activities

CEN, ISO, ETSI

CEN & CENELEC and ETSI have been working together on a basic set of standards for Cooperative Intelligence Transport Systems (C-ITS) since 2014 on the so-called ‘Release 1 specifications’. Work is currently underway in both CEN & CENELEC and ETSI to develop the next package of standards (Release 2).

CEN/TC 278 www.itsstandards.eu with ISO TC 204 and ETSI TC ITS [3]. Cooperation is also ensured through the ITS Standardisation Coordination Group (ITS-CG)

Release 1 has been finalised — see ETSI TC ITS technical report TR 101 067 with the Release 1 standards and the development of ISO TR 17465-3 with the CEN/ISO Release 1 list. A joint document listing Release 1 standards also includes relevant standards from other SDOs such as SAE and IEEE. Development of Release 2 is well advanced with all of the key documents in revision.

3GPP 4G LTE and 5G NR are also relevant, noting the commercial deployment of Release 15 5G networks, given that this access technology may also serve C-ITS purposes. The co-existence of technologies from 3GPP with those from ITS is being actively addressed in collaboration between ETSI and 3GPP SA6 in the context of the ETSI TVRA revision and updates in all of the ETSI TC ITS WG5 security documents. In particular with respect to Action 6 ETSI has addressed ISO 21177 and ISO 20077 in the developing update to TS 102 942 to ensure that on vehicle data and processes are protected from misuse by actors outside the vehicle.

ISO

ISO TC22 & ISO TC204 (CEN/TC278 WG16 & TC 301), SAE: In-vehicle Platform.

HLC & JWG between TC204 and TC22 discussing how to continue activities.

SAE looks at electrical connections related activities.

ETSI, CEN, ISO, SAE, IEEE Evaluation of the application of existing standards is an ongoing activity.

Harmonisation task groups (HTGs) are looking into harmonisation needs between the standards developed by the different organisations.

CEN, ETSI

CEN and ETSI are working, in consultation with main stakeholders (such as ASECAP, 5GAA and C2C CC), to find an appropriate solution to ensure non-detrimental interference from ITS-G5 and 3GPP-based direct communication systems onto CEN DSRC technology at 5.8 GHz.

See also CEN/TR 16690 on Electronic fee collection — Guidelines for EFC applications based on in-vehicle ITS stations

CEN

CEN/TC 278 develop standards in the field of telematics to be applied to road traffic and transport, including those elements that need technical harmonization for intermodal operation in the case of other means of transport. It shall support: vehicle, container, swap body and goods wagon identification; communication between vehicles and road infrastructure; communication between vehicles; vehicle man machine interfacing as far as telematics is concerned; traffic and parking management; user fee collection; public transport management; user information.

CEN/TC278/WG3 develops Transmodel-based standards related to multimodal ecosystem. It includes TS 13149 series about Public Transport Vehicle Data, NeTEx series for planned data, SIRI series for real-time data, OJP API for journey planner, standards supporting interoperable fare management (IFM) systems and OpRa for observed data.

CEN/TC 278/WG 7: in charge of several work items including the TN-ITS specifications and a proposal to standardise the dictionary of the vehicle-generated data for map updates (Sensoris). WG 7 also works with ISO/TC 204/WG 3 jointly on several work items like e.g. GDF.

CEN/TC278/WG8: DATEX data exchange standards. DATEX II is a standardised e-language for traffic and travel data exchange between traffic control centres, traffic information centres and service providers. Further standardisation activities address new domains like energy infrastructure and traffic regulations, in particular for Urban Vehicle Access Regulations.

CEN/TC 278 WG17 was created specifically to address standardisation requirements for Urban ITS, initially focussing on the priority areas identified in M/546 but not limited only to these aspects. WG17 is not only a standards development group, but provides a cross cutting workspace to liaise with other SDOs.

ETSI, 3GPP

Cellular 4G LTE networks according to ETSI/3GPP TS 136 300 Rel. 14 and 5G NR networks according to ETSI/3GPP TS 138 300 Rel. 15 are commercially deployed, supporting all means of Internet Protocol (IP) based communication, including V2X.

ETSI TC ITS have acknowledged the importance of separating access layers (potentially with examples ITS-G5, LTE-V2X PC5 etc. ) and upper layer protocols

Considering the continuing improvements of access technologies, e.g. LTE-V2X PC5, NR-V2X PC5, IEEE 802.110p and IEEE 802.11bd, it is important that the separation between access layers and upper layers is maintained in future standardisation.

Since edge computing is a key priority area for V2X services, ETSI ISG MEC (Multi-access Edge Computing) has established a collaboration with 5GAA (5G Automotive Association). Recently 5GAA also joined ETSI ISG MEC membership.

In addition with respect to Action 1 ETSI has developed a framework for device ontologies under the SAREF initiative and specifically supports a number of ITS related domains include SAREF4AUTO and SAREF4CITY (for integration to traffic management and planning), SAREF4ENER (to address EV charging), SAREF4ENVI (to address environmental aspects of transport). Full details can be found in https://saref.etsi.org

With respect to Action 2 ETSI continues to develop test specifications and to host interoperability events. This has recently been extended to ensure that tests are available for ITS Release 2.

In addressing Action 4 ETSI has developed a suite of standards for misbehaviour reporting including testing and interoperability plugtests. This work is ongoing and is being closely managed to ensure global interoperability.

As has been noted above ETSI is making inroads to assuring secure access to vehicle data as identified in Action 6 and has specifically addressed ISO 21177 and ISO 20077 in the developing update to TS 102 942 to ensure that on vehicle data and processes are protected from misuse by actors outside the vehicle.

The security standardisation work done in ETSI fully supports Action 25. This work has included addressing the threat of quantum computing with co-operative work across ETSI with TC CYBER and resulting in the recently published report on ITS Migration to a quantum safe cryptographic model (ETSI TR 103 949). ETSI works in close collaboration with the EC C-ITS policy group to ensure that the policy requirements for ITS deployment are fully supported by the ETSI standardisation programme.

Further work related to the Harmonized Standard for ITS is being performed in ERM TG37 while coexistence work with urban rail take place in TC RT/JTFIR (Joint Task Force TC ITS TC RT).

ETSI, IEEE

ETSI, in close collaboration with IEEE (for 1609.2 and 1609.2.1), maintain development of protocols for ITS Security. In 2021 the primary developments for C-ITS Release-2 Security have been completed and extensions to address misbehaviour reporting (TS 103 759), as well as developing a wider understanding of the risk environment are at the forefront of the security workplan. This includes extension of risk analysis to address the roles and risks from RSUs, Central ITS authorities, data on vehicles and remote access to that data, and to more fully address any security requirements arising from integration of multiple radio connectivity options.

ISO/IEC JTC1

SC 37 is responsible for the standardisation of generic biometric technologies pertaining to human beings to support interoperability and data interchange among applications and systems. Generic human biometric standards include: common file frameworks, biometric application programming interfaces, biometric data interchange formats, related biometric profiles and other standards in support of technical implementation of biometric systems, evaluation criteria to biometric technologies, methodologies for performance testing and reporting, cross jurisdictional and societal aspects of biometric implementation. SC 37 Biometrics home page: http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards_development/list_of_iso_technical_committees/jtc1_home/jtc1_sc37_home.htm . The complete list of standards published or under development can be found in ISO Standards Catalogue of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 37 — Biometrics.

Published standards and ongoing projects related to the topics include the series of biometric data interchange standards for different biometric modalities, biometric technical interfaces, related biometric profiles and other standards in support of technical implementation of biometric systems, and cross jurisdictional and societal aspects of biometric implementation. Representative projects: amendments of ISO/IEC 19794-x: 2011/Amd. 2:2015 data format standards specifying XML encoding, extensible biometric data interchange formats ISO/IEC 39794-x (e.g. generic extensible data interchange formats for the representation of data: a tagged binary data format based on an extensible specification in ASN.1 and a textual data format based on an XML schema definition (both capable of holding the same information), ISO/IEC 30107-x Biometric presentation attack detection multi-part standard and ISO/IEC 24779-x — Cross-Jurisdictional and societal aspects of implementation of biometric technologies — Pictograms, Icons and Symbols for use with Biometric Systems multi-part standard.

Standards developed and in development in support of e-mobility include:

  • ISO 15118 Road vehicles - Vehicle to grid communication interface
  • IEC 62840 Electric vehicle battery swap system
  • IEC 61851 Electrical systems for electric road vehicles and electric industrial trucks
  • IEC 62196 Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets - Conductive charging of electric vehicle
  • IEC 63110 Protocol for the management of EVs charging and discharging infrastructures
  • IEC 63119 Information exchange for electric vehicle charging roaming service
  • IEC 61850 Exchange of information with distributed energy resources

WGs/technical committees relating to the above e-mobility standards include:

  • IEC TC 69 (Electrical power/energy transfer systems for electrically propelled road vehicles and industrial trucks)
  • IEC TC18
  • IEC TC 23 and SC 23H
ITU

ITU has various standardization activities in the area of ITS communications.

ITU-R:

  • TU-R Working Party (WP) 5A is responsible for ITS studies in the Radiocommunication Sector and contributed to the World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-19) on WRC-19 agenda item 1.12 “to consider possible global or regional harmonized frequency bands”(Resolution 237 (WRC-15)). See WRC-19 final acts:
    https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-R/conferences/wrc/2019/Pages/default.aspx
  • Approved various Recommendations including “Harmonization of frequency bands for Intelligent Transport Systems in the mobile service” (ITU-R M.2121); “Radio interface standards of vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure two-way communications for ITS applications” (ITU-R M.2084); “Systems characteristics of automotive radars operating in the frequency band 76-81 GHz for ITS applications”(ITU-R M.2057); “Operational radiocommunication objectives and requirements for advanced ITS” (ITU-R M.1890); “ITS - Dedicated short range communications at 5.8 GHz”(ITU-R M.1453); “Millimetre wave vehicular collision avoidance radars and radiocommunication systems for ITS applications” (ITU-R M.1452)
  • Also approved several Reports including “Advanced ITS Radiocommunications” (ITU-R M.2228), “Intelligent transport systems (ITS) usage” (ITU-R M.2445), “Examples of arrangements for ITS deployments under the mobile service” (ITU-R M.2444), “Coexistence between high-speed railway radiocommunication system between train and trackside operating in the frequency bands 92-94 GHz, 94.1-100 GHz and 102-109.5 GHz, and radio astronomy service and Earth exploration-satellite service (EESS) (active) and EESS (passive) services” (ITU-R M.2500).
  • Question ITU-R 261/5 requests studies related to “Radiocommunication requirements for connected automated vehicles (CAV)”. In response to this Question, ITU-R WP 5A developed Report ITU-R M.2534 on “Connected Automated Vehicles”. Question ITU-R 263/5 on “Studies related to the further development of RSTT” was also approved.
  • Volume 4 of the Land Mobile Handbook – Intelligent Transport Systems was published in November 2020.
  • Further work and studies on ITS and CAV are being carried out by ITU-R WP 5A.
  • ITU-R WP 5D is in charge of the studies related to the International Mobile Telecommunication (IMT) systems. IMT-2020 systems provide various specific applications to facilitate development of the digital economy, e.g., e-manufacturing, e-agriculture, e-health, intelligent transport systems, smart city and traffic control, etc., which could bring requirements beyond current capabilities of IMT systems. In this respect, ITU-R WP 5D has also carried out several studies that are of relevance for the improvement of Intelligent Transport Systems. This includes the revision of Recommendation ITU-R M.1036 on “Frequency arrangements for implementation of the terrestrial component of International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) in the bands identified for IMT in the Radio Regulations” and also of Recommendation ITU-R M.2150 “Detailed specifications of the terrestrial radio interfaces of International Mobile Telecommunications-2020 (IMT-2020)”. Recommendation ITU-R M.2160 on “Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2030 and beyond” could also contribute to the development of intelligent transport systems given that sensing would support various innovative applications such as high precision positioning and localization of devices and objects, high resolution and real-time 3D-mapping for automated and safe driving/transport.
  • ITU-R WP 1A revised Report ITU-R SM.2451 on “Assessment of impact on radiocommunication services from wireless power transmission for electric vehicle operating below 30 MHz”

ITU-T:

See ITU activities on Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) and Smart Mobility at:

https://itu.int/en/ITU-T/ITS

See more information on ITU-T Standardization on ITS and Smart Mobility at:

https://itu.int/en/ITU-T/ITS/Standardization/

ITU-T SG16 approved Recommendations ITU-T F.749.2 “Service requirements for vehicle gateway platforms”, ITU-T H.550 “Architecture and functional entities of Vehicle Gateway Platforms”, ITU-T F.749.3 “Use cases and requirements for the vehicular multimedia networks”, ITU-T H.551 “Architecture of Vehicle Multimedia Systems”, ITU-T H.560 “Communications interface between external applications and a Vehicle Gateway Platform”, ITU-T F.749.4 “Use cases and requirements for multimedia communication enabled vehicle systems using artificial intelligence”, ITU-T F.749.5 “Vehicle domain service: General information and use case definitions”, and the technical report FSTP.SS-OTA “Standardization survey for over-the-air updating in vehicle”. Studies on gap analysis of vehicle gateways (HSTP-VG-Gap), Distributed vehicular multimedia services framework for V2X based edge computing (F.DVMSF-Edge), Vehicle information requirements of vehicle gateway platform to support automated driving (F.VG-AD-Reqs), Requirements for remote driving service based on vehicle gateway platform (F.VGP-RDSreqs), Requirements for intelligent traffic sensing devices in roadside (H.Sup.ITS-SD), In-vehicle multimedia applets: Framework and capability requirements (H.VMMA-FCR), and requirements for vehicle recognition application in visual surveillance system (F.VRVS) are continuing.
https://www.itu.int/itu-t/workprog/wp_search.aspx?sg=16

The Focus Group on Vehicular Multimedia (FG-VM) completed its mandate and published the three Technical Reports:

  • “Use cases and requirements for the vehicular multimedia networks”
  • “Architecture of Vehicle Multimedia Systems”
  • “Implementation Aspects of Vehicular Multimedia”

The above deliverables are endorsed as ITU-T Recommendations (e.g. ITU-T H.551 and F.749.3 and ITU-T F.749.8) respectively.

The ITU-T Focus Group on AI for Autonomous and Assisted Driving (FG-AI4AD) studied a definition of minimal performance threshold for AI systems that are responsible for the driving tasks in vehicles, so that an automated vehicle always operates safely on the road, at least as a competent and careful human driver. FG-AI4AD completed the following Technical Reports, which have been submitted to ITU-T SG16 to further the studies in this area:

  • “Automated driving safety data protocol – Specification” [under study by ITU-T SG16 as Recommendation ITU-T H.ADSDP-spec]
  • “Automated driving safety data protocol – Practical demonstrators”
  • “Automated driving safety data protocol – Public safety benefits of continual monitoring”

https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/ITS/standardization/Pages/sg16.aspx

The ITU is also actively involved in “AI for road safety”, in collaboration with the UN Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for Road Safety and the UN Envoy on Technology, as well as other UN sister agencies “AI for Road Safety” harness the value of AI in enhancing the safe system approach to road safety, especially in low- and middle- income countries, where most of the road fatalities and injuries occur. It explores the role of AI in the following areas: road safety data and regulatory frameworks; safer vehicles; road infrastructure; and post-crash response

ITU-T SG13 approved Recommendation ITU-T Y.4407/Y.2281 “Framework of networked vehicle services and applications using NGN” and is working on QoS requirements for train communication network supported by IMT-2020 (Y.IMT2020-qos-req-tcn) as well as on deployment of data platform for ITS in developing countries (Supp-Y.TDP-Gen).
https://www.itu.int/itu-t/workprog/wp_search.aspx?sg=13

ITU-T SG5 is working on effects of ICT enabled autonomy on vehicles longevity and waste creation (L.AUVE).
https://www.itu.int/itu-t/workprog/wp_search.aspx?sg=05

ITU-T SG20 approved Recommendation ITU-T Y.4211 “Accessibility requirements for smart public transportation services”, Recommendation ITU-T Y.4809 “Unified IoT Identifiers for intelligent transport systems”, Recommendation ITU-T Y.4225 “Requirements and capability framework of digital twin for intelligent transport system” and Recommendation ITU-T Y.4487 “A functional architecture of roadside multi-sensor data fusion systems for autonomous vehicles”. ITU-T SG20 is working on draft Recommendation ITU-T Y.4230 (ex Y.EV-charging) “Requirements and capability framework of public smart charging service for electric vehicles, draft Recommendation ITU-T Y.IoT-CMP-VR “Functional framework and capabilities of coordination management platform for IoT based vehicle-road” and draft Recommendation ITU-T Y.bsis-sec “Security requirements and capabilities of base station inspection services using unmanned aerial vehicles”

More info: https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/ITS/standardization/Pages/sg20.aspx

ITU-T SG17 works on ITS security. It has approved Recommendations ITU-T X.1371 “Security threats to connected vehicles”, ITU-T X.1372 “Security guidelines for Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication”, ITU-T X.1373 “Secure software update capability for intelligent transportation system communication devices”, ITU-T X.1374 “Security requirements for external interfaces and devices with vehicle access capability”, ITU-T X.1375 “Guidelines for intrusion detection system for in-vehicle networks”, ITU-T X.1376 “Security-related misbehaviour detection mechanism using big data for connected vehicles” and is developing many more standards in this domain: (X.edrsec, X.eivnsec, X.evtol-sec, X.fstiscv, X.idse, X.ipscv, X.itssec-5, X.rsu-sec, X.srcd, etc).
More info: https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/ITS/standardization/Pages/sg17.aspx

The Collaboration on ITS Communication Standards provides a globally recognized forum for the coordination of an internationally accepted, globally harmonized set of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) communication standards of the highest quality in the most expeditious manner possible to enable the rapid deployment of fully interoperable ITS communication-related products and services in the global marketplace.

The Collaboration meetings are typically held twice a year (March and September), and are usually organized back-to-back with other ITS events, including the Symposia on the Future Networked Car. During the CITS meetings, the representatives of relevant SDOs are invited to submit to the Collaboration meetings status reports on ITS standardization ongoing in their respective organizations. Based on the pertinent inputs and presentations, CITS maintains the global ITS Communication Standards Database. In 2023, CITS established the Expert Group on Communications Technology for Automated Driving, which aims to enhance the deployment of ADS products while ensuring their safety, particularly by tackling the challenge of ADS-equipped vehicles merging into congested lanes. To further the work within this new Expert Group, two Working Groups were established:

  • WG1 – Vehicular communications for merging automatically into congested lanes
  • WG2 – Vehicular communications for advanced emergency braking, including to protect VRUs

More information: https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/extcoop/cits/egcomad/Pages/default.aspx

 

IEEE

IEEE has standards activities in support of the digital transformation of transportation addressing e.g. communication, sensors, safety, and electric charging of EVs.

IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee:
• Intra-vehicle communication: WGs 802.3/802.1 evolve Ethernet standards to support high bitrates and Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) in a vehicle.
• V2X-wireless communication: WG: 802.11 (WLAN): the physical layer for mission critical communication and ad-hoc V2X networking has been optimized in the dedicated 5.9 GHz spectrum (IEEE 802.11p). IEEE 802.11bd-2022: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications Amendment 5: Enhancements for Next Generation V2X has been published. It supports many more use cases. ETSI ITS G5 relies on IEEE 802.11p and 802.11bd.

The Dedicated Short Range Communication Working Group develops the IEEE WAVE family of standards (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments). WAVE adds a whole protocol stack on top of IEEE 802.11p/bd. In particular, IEEE 1609.2 standardises a PKI based security architecture and security functions for V2X.
ETSI ITS-G5 and IEEE WAVE coordinate to harmonize security features for V2X.

The Automotive Image Quality Working Group (in particular IEEE P2020) standardises a suite of objective and subjective test methods for measuring automotive camera image quality attributes, and tools and test methods to facilitate decision making among OEM and Tier 1 system integrators and component vendors regarding automotive ADAS image quality.

The Lidar Working Group develops a Standard for the Performance of Lidar Used in Traffic Speed Measurements (P2452) and a Standard for Test Methods of Automotive Lidar Performance (P2936)

The Automated Vehicles Standards Committee develops a Standard for Automotive Radar Performance Metrics and Testing Methods for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Automated Driving System (ADS) Applications (IEEE P3116)

The Smart Transportation enabling Terminal Working Group (STTWG) of the Smart Devices Standards Committee SDSC develops a Standard for Edge Intelligent Terminal for Expressway Cooperative Transportation (IEEE P2979)

The AV Decision Making WG of the VT/ITS Standards Committee published the IEEE 2846 Standard for Assumptions in Safety-Related Models for Automated Driving System and a Literature Review on Kinematic Properties of Road Users for use on Safety-Related Models for Automated driving Systems). An Amendment (P2846a) covers additional scenarios and road users. P3321 is a Recommended Practice for the Application of Assumptions on Reasonably Foreseeable Behavior of Other Road Users.

The WG ‘Exchange/Interoperability format for functional safety analysis and safety verification of IP, SoC and mixed signal ICs’ (in particular P2851) defines a data format with which results of safety analyses (such as FMEA, FMEDA, FMECA, FTA) and related safety verification activities - such as fault injection - executed for IPs, SoCs and mixed signal ICs can be exchanged and made available to system integrators. The goal of the standard is to provide a common ground for EDA, SoC and IP vendors in needs of developing tools, SoC and IP for safety critical applications. P2851 has published a Whitepaper “A Landscape for the Development of Dependable Machines’.The Standard 2851-2023 for Functional Safety Data Format for Interoperability within the Dependability Lifecycle has been published. A Standard for the Enablement of Functional Safety Interoperability with Reliability is in the drafting stage (P2851.1)

The Distributed Ledger Technology in Connected and Autonomous Vehicles WG (in particular P2418.4) provides a common framework for distributed ledger technology (DLT) usage, implementation, and interaction in connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs).

The Motor Vehicle Event Data Recorder Brake and Electronic Control Working Group published IEEE 1616.1 ‘Data Storage System for Automated Driving (EDR/DSSAD). The new standard builds on IEEE 1616-2021 ‘Standard for Motor Vehicle Event Data Recorder (MVEDR)’ and takes the requirements for Event Data Recorder (EDR) / Data Storage System for Automated Driving Vehicles (DSSAD) into account as discussed in UNECE WP.29 GRVA.

The DFAD - Data Framework for Autonomous Driving WG has started drafting a Standard for Data Framework for Autonomous Driving (P3184).

The Software & Systems Engineering Standards Committee (C/S2ESC) has several WGs to develop a family of standards (P70xx series) for ethical considerations in a broad range of artificial intelligence/autonomous system uses, including vehicular contexts.

The ‘Smart Grid Powerline Communication’ WG develops IEEE 1901 to provide broadband over powerline communications to be used e.g. when charging electric vehicles (EVs).

The Working Group ‘Creating technical specifications of quick charger for electric Vehicles’ develops IEEE 2030.1.1 for a DC quick and bi-directional Charger for Use with Electric Vehicles.

Other standardization projects cover: Security Requirements and Testing Methods of Operating Systems in Connected Vehicles (P3130), Scenario Description Language for Autonomous Driving (3344), Standard for In-Cabin Vehicle Sensing & Communication Networks (P3377), and Assumptions on Reasonably Foreseeable Behavior of Other Road Users (P3321).

.

For a list of these and other IEEE standardization activities on transportation, please visit: https://ieeesa.io/eu-rolling-plan

IETF

The IP Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (ipwave) WG worked on Vehicle-2-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-2-Internet (V2I) use-cases where IP is well-suited as a networking technology and will develop an IPv6 based solution to establish direct and secure connectivity between a vehicle and other vehicles or stationary systems. These vehicular networks are characterized by dynamically changing network topologies and connectivity.

V2V and V2I communications may involve various kinds of link layers: 802.11-OCB (Outside the Context of a Basic Service Set), 802.15.4 with 6lowpan, 802.11ad, VLC (Visible Light Communications), IrDA, LTE-D, LP-WAN. One of the most used link layers for vehicular networks is IEEE 802.11-OCB, as a basis for Dedicated short-range communications (DSRC). Several of these link-layers already provide support for IPv6. However, IPv6 on 802.11-OCB is yet to be fully defined. Some aspects of the IPv6 over 802.11-OCB work have been already defined at IEEE 1609 and the specification produced by this working group is expected be compatible with these aspects.

This group’s primary deliverable is RFC8691, a standard to specify the mechanisms for transmission of IPv6 datagrams over IEEE 802.11-OCB mode.

https://wiki.ietf.org/en/group/iab/Multi-Stake-Holder-Platform#h-345-intelligent-transport-systems-its-cooperative-connected-and-automated-mobility-its-ccam-and-electromobility

OASIS

OASIS hosts the Open Mobility Foundation (OMF) OASIS Open Project, an open source project launched by a coalition of cities and mobility and software vendors to provide an end-to-end set of standardized data specifications and open source software for managing traffic, availability and route planning for micromobility devices (such as dockless e-scooters). Various standards and code modules for vehicle ID, monitoring, traffic, parking control, consumer/passenger privacy, and policy issues are under development.

oneM2M

A distinguishing feature of oneM2M is its Basic Ontology specification, which enables semantic and syntactic interoperability across the IoT. This will become increasingly important as greater quantities of data are generated and shared across the IoT.

oneM2M has been designed for interworking: so it naturally lends itself to be used as a factory hub aggregating modern equipment (e.g. OPC-UA based), legacy controllers and the plethora of sensors that are being added to equipment to provide input for innovative applications and whose characteristics and usage do not match well with many of the controllers that are commonly used.
It is used, e.g., in BaSys 4.0, the Industrie 4.0 open-source middleware that has been funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) since 2016, whose implementation is available as Eclipse Project BaSyx.

Furthermore, the interconnection capabilities that facilitate interoperability among smart cities also enable oneM2M to be used to support the operations of distributed, coupled supply chains.

These characteristics have been outlined in a recent study by ETSI (ETSI TR 103 536 - Strategic / technical approach on how to achieve interoperability/interworking of existing standardized IoT Platforms)

International cooperation for the development of harmonised global standards is particularly important in these areas. The Commission has concluded agreements with the US Department of Transport and with the Japanese Ministry for Land Transport and Industry. Cross-regional harmonisation task groups (HTGs) have been established in this area.

ETSI has cooperation and liaison agreements with relevant standards organisations such as IEEE, SAE, ISO, IETF, and standardisation supporting industry groups like TISA. Additionally ETSI have liaisons and contacts with regional and national standards organisations such as ARIB (Japan), CCSA (China) and TTA (Korea) and the Asian Pacific Telecommunication organisation (APT).

ITU has launched the Collaboration on ITS Communication Standards (CITS) aims at providing a globally recognized forum for the creation of an internationally accepted, globally harmonised set of ITS communication standards of the highest quality in the most expeditious manner possible to enable the rapid deployment of fully interoperable ITS communication-related products and services in the global marketplace. See http://itu.int/en/ITU-T/extcoop/cits

 

ICT for traffic management and infrastructure to infrastructure (I2I) related information exchange and architectures beyond short range communications.

CEN

CEN/TC278/WG8: DATEX data exchange standards. DATEX II is a standardised e-language for traffic and travel data exchange between traffic control centres, traffic information centres and service providers.

ISO

Standardisation activities are taken up in this area by ISO TC 204, with strong cooperation with CEN/TC 278, but also by ISO TC 22. ISO/TS 15638-19:2013 ITS — Framework for collaborative telematics applications for regulated commercial freight vehicles (TARV Part 19). It is at an early stage of development but not mature enough to serve as standard for reservation at that stage.

IEEE

IEEE has standards on charging communication: IEEE 1901 provides broadband over powerline communications to be used in charging, and IEEE 2030.1.1 on DC quick charging.

For a list of these and other IEEE standardisation activities on transportation, please see: https://ieeesa.io/eu-rolling-plan

ITU

Study groups 12 and 16 both have work items to transform the deliverables of ITU-T focus group on driver distraction (2011-13) into proper ITU-T Recommendations. The mandate of ITU-T study group 17 includes the study of security aspects of ITS communications.

W3C

W3C has several ongoing activities related to automotive/ITS.

The mission of the automotive working group (https://www.w3.org/auto/wg/) is to develop open web platform specifications for HTML5/JavaScript application developers enabling web connectivity through in-vehicle infotainment systems and vehicle data access protocols. The API is agnostic with regard to the connection used.

The mission of the automotive and web platform business group (http://www.w3.org/community/autowebplatform/) is to influence the open web platform on the unique needs of the automotive industry, and to help stakeholders within the automotive industry to build a good and practical understanding on the standardisation processes within the W3C. The initial scope of this business group will be to determine what vehicle data should be exposed through a web API(s).

Several community groups (pre-standardisation open fora) were also started to look at specific ITS issues, e.g. the traffic event ontology community group (https://www.w3.org/community/traffic/), and automotive ontology (https://www.w3.org/community/gao/).

(C.2.) Other activities related to standardisation

C-ITS Platform (2014-2017)

Commission expert group (E03188) brought together representatives of all C-ITS stakeholders to cooperate on legal, organisational, administrative and governing aspects, but also on more technical issues such as standardisation, or security and certification of the system, in view to ensure the interoperability of systems across the Member States.

CCAM Platform (2019-now)

Commission expert group (E03657) to provide advice and support to the Commission in the field of testing and pre-deployment activities for Cooperative, Connected, Automated and Autonomous Mobility (CCAM).

Car-2-Car Communication Consortium (C2C-CC)

The industry organisation represents car manufacturers and actively participates and chairs ETSI TC ITS. It also contributes to CEN working groups.

C-ROADS

The C-Roads Platform is a joint initiative of 16 European Member States, 7 associated states and road operators for testing and implementing C-ITS services in light of cross-border harmonisation and interoperability https://www.c-roads.eu/platform.html

5G Automotive Association (5GAA)

A global, cross-industry organisation of companies from the automotive, technology, and telecommunications industries (ICT), working together to develop end-to-end solutions for future mobility and transportation services. 5GAA membership features key players with a global footprint in the automotive, technology and telecommunications industries. This includes automotive manufacturers, tier-1 suppliers, chipset/communication system providers, mobile operators and infrastructure vendors.

ERTICO — ITS Europe, GSM-A

Stakeholder organisations providing input to ETSI and CEN

“Amsterdam Group” (AG)

This is an umbrella organisation bringing together the C2C-CC, ASECAP, CEDR and POLIS for smooth alignment of deployment of Cooperative-ITS functionalities and technologies European wide. A strong support for standardisation activities, regulation and harmonisation is provided to the European community directly by the individual AG members as agreed within the AG.

UN/ECE WP29

The UNECE transport division provides secretariat services to the intergovernmental body World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29). The World Forum has set one of its priorities related to the establishment of a global applicable regulatory framework for automated/autonomous and connected vehicles.

http://www.unece.org/WP29.html

GENIVI

GENIVI® is a non-profit industry alliance committed to driving the broad adoption of specified, open source, in-vehicle infotainment (IVI) software.

The alliance develops an open standard for aligning automotive and consumer infotainment cycles.

http://www.genivi.org/

MirrorLink initiative

The MirrorLink initiative turns the car into a terminal; it has little computing power itself and relies instead on the phone as its processor. The mirror link standards have been published as by ETSI as TS 103 554-x as a 29 part multi-part standard under the Publicly Available Standards initiative.

http://www.mirrorlink.com/

EU and national funded RTD projects and pilots

The standardisation activities are supported by RTD projects, pilots and field operational tests in the area of CAM, in particular contributing to fine-tuning the standards, among others, DriveC2X, FOTSIS, PRESERVE, ITSSv6, ComeSafety2, COMPASS4D, iMobilitySupport, SIM-TD, SCORE@F, eCoMove, EasyWay, SPITS

WCO Datamodel

The WCO datamodel (world customs organisation data model) is an important standard for providing alignment for announcements to and from government about transport and trade. It makes communication throughout Europe between governmental parties and between government and commercial parties easier and cheaper.

EU funded RTD projects and pilots

Projects such as Mobinet, Mobincity, eCo-FEV; E-DASH, eDAS, SmartV2G, ODIN, COSIVU, SafeAdapt, Smart-LIC, VRUITS and the pilots ICT4EVEU, MOBI.Europe, MOLECULES, SmartCEM, CODECS, ENSEMBLE and green e-motion and the support action smart EV-VC will have outcomes possibly relevant for standardisation. Pilots from both IoT Large Scale Pilots and 5G Corridors initiatives also have potential to provide outcomes relevant to CAM/ITS standardisation.

 

ICT for traffic management and infrastructure to infrastructure (I2I) related information exchange and architectures beyond short range communications.

TN-ITS (Transport Network ITS Spatial Data Deployment Platform)

Based on the outcome of ROSATTE project (FP7), the TN-ITS association promotes the integration of accurate (public) road data in navigation-oriented maps, and their timely updating, including possible alignment with the technical framework for the INSPIRE project, including the identification of standardisation needs.

https://tn-its.eu/

A CEF-funded project (TN-ITS GO) was finalised end of 2021 to implement the exchange of data between 15 Member States and digital map providers. Further activities continue within the NAPCORE project.

https://tn-its.eu/tn-its-go

EU funded projects (Horizon 2020 WG 3.5 call)

Projects supporting local dynamic maps standardisation (e.g. HIGHTS)

Smart Ticketing Alliance

The Smart Ticketing Alliance (STA) represents a platform for cooperation and a coordinated approach for establishing ticketing interoperability for the Public Transport sector. www.smart-ticketing.org

The ITxPT (Information Technology for Public Transport) Initiative aims to further cooperate on the implementation of standards for plug-and-play IT-systems applied to public transport. An integrated testbench offers services to specify, test, qualify and showcase IT solutions. www.itxpt.org

(C.3) Additional information

Report abusive content Share