I don't understand the intention behind specifying Literal and Resource as Mandatory classes (3.1). I expect these will never occur as direct (explicit) types for resources appearing in DCAT-AP graphs (of course they can be infered from the asserted statements, but that's different...).
This issue has been reported by Antoine Isaac :
http://joinup.ec.europa.eu/mailman/archives/dcat_application_profile/2015-August/000298.html
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improvement
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Than I really don't understand what 'mandatory' means in the document. Intuitively, I understand this as "you should have the following classes instantiated in your DCAT data" which is a bit strong (well, actually it's nearly impossible, for literals). I know that the doc says that mandatory reflect the use in ranges, but I don't really see the point. And actually 'recommended' is rather defined in terms of 'classes for which we recommend to describe instance of" (ie as subjects of descriptions of DCAT data), which is slightly different.
Analysis: These two classes are included in the table of mandatory classes for completeness; all classes mentioned in mandatory properties of mandatory classes are listed here.
Proposal: No change